Is there a Date type in JavaScript?

Is there a Date type in TypeScript?

Is the type annotation necessary to type the amount variable to number in the declaration below?

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let amount: number = 1000;

Is the type annotation necessary to type the message parameter to string in the declaration below?

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function logMessage(message: string) {
	...
}

What is the type of the message parameter in the following function?

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function outputMessage(message) {
	console.log(message);
}